France’s Pension Crisis and North African Immigration

France’s pension system is facing severe tests, influenced by population aging, low fertility rates, and challenges in immigration integration. These factors amplify the fiscal pressures of the pay-as-you-go model. From my observation, while North African immigrants provide labor supplementation, their lower productivity and generous family reunification policies may exacerbate future retirement expenditure burdens, thereby threatening … Continue reading France’s Pension Crisis and North African Immigration →

Economic Analysis of the European Pension Crisis: Structural Challenges and Inevitable Fiscal and Social Pressures

The pension entitlements of households in the European Union (EU) and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries, expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), can be categorized into private/funded pensions and unfunded pensions. Unfunded pensions primarily refer to retirement obligations promised by governments without pre-allocated reserves, relying on a pay-as-you-go (PAYG) system funded … Continue reading Economic Analysis of the European Pension Crisis: Structural Challenges and Inevitable Fiscal and Social Pressures →