Economic Analysis of the European Pension Crisis: Structural Challenges and Inevitable Fiscal and Social Pressures

The pension entitlements of households in the European Union (EU) and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries, expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), can be categorized into private/funded pensions and unfunded pensions. Unfunded pensions primarily refer to retirement obligations promised by governments without pre-allocated reserves, relying on a pay-as-you-go (PAYG) system funded … Continue reading Economic Analysis of the European Pension Crisis: Structural Challenges and Inevitable Fiscal and Social Pressures →

Economic Analysis Report on France’s “Tax the Billionaires Bill”

Historical Background and Passage of the Bill On the night of February 20, 2025, after intense debates, the French National Assembly passed the “Proposal to Establish a 2% Minimum Wealth Tax on the Super-Rich” (commonly referred to as the “Tax the Billionaires Bill”) with 116 votes in favor and 39 against. The bill imposes a … Continue reading Economic Analysis Report on France’s “Tax the Billionaires Bill” →